These disparities are driven primarily by traffic stops made by the 14 data-contributing police and sheriff departments (as compared with the California Highway Patrol). While differences in locale and context for the stop-such as when an officer has knowledge of an outstanding warrant-significantly contribute to racial disparities, notable inequities remain after accounting for such factors.Black individuals are almost twice as likely to be booked into jail as white individuals.Black people are overrepresented in stops not leading to enforcement-defined as an officer declining to issue even a warning-as well as in stops leading to an arrest.Overall, searches yielded contraband or evidence in about one-fifth of all searches. Searches of Black civilians are somewhat less likely to yield contraband and evidence than searches of white civilians.Black Californians are more than twice as likely to be searched as white Californians, at about 20 percent versus 8 percent of all stops.While it is important to caution the reader that analysis of these differences is not causal, our analysis-which focuses in particular on differences between Black and white Californians-reveals notable differences. In this report, we analyze data for almost 4 million stops by California’s 15 largest law enforcement agencies in 2019, examining the extent to which people of color experience searches, enforcement, intrusiveness, and use of force differently from white people. In the wake of the killing of George Floyd, discussions around police reforms have heightened and centered on how law enforcement engages with people of color. Racial disparities within the criminal justice system continue to be a pressing issue for the US and California.
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